LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY:
STATEMENT:
“Energy neither be created nor it can be destroyed but it can be converted from one form to other form.
EXAMPLE:
In light bulb electrical energy (current) convert into light energy and heat.
When a ball is dropped from height its potential energy converts into kinetic energy.
Conversion of Energy from one form to another
Fossil Fuel Energy
Fossil fuel energy is formed from decayed plants and animals that have been converted to crud oil, coal, natural gases or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure in the Earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years.
Fossils fuels have stored chemical energy. This energy is converted by oxidation through burning. Thus on burning a fossil fuel like charcoal, produce heat energy and light energy
Applications:
Thermal Power plants burn coal, gas or oil to produce steam that turns the turbines and generators to produce electricity
For transportation. Vehicles like cars, trains, planes all use fossil fuels.
Hydroelectric Energy
Hydro electricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydro power by using gravitational force of falling or flowing water.
Applications:
Hydroelectric power plants. Most common type of hydro electric power plants uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water releases from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn runs a generator to produce electricity.
Solar Energy
The energy radiated from the sun is known as solar energy. This is the most available source of energy throughout Pakistan. There are many devices which are capable of absorbing solar energy, which is then converted into electrical energy or heat energy.
Applications:
Photovoltaic solar panels and solar cells Which convert the sun rays into electricity for different uses.
Solar heaters are used to heat water tanks and indoor spaces.
Nuclear Energy
The energy released during a nuclear reaction such as fission or fusion reaction. All radioactive materials store nuclear energy. For example Uranium, Radium etc. It is released from the nucleus in the form of radiation in addition to heat and light.
Applications:
A nuclear power plant utilizes nuclear energy to produce steam to turn a turbine and generate electricity.
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is stored in the Earth as its natural heat. Deep in the Earth, there is hot molten part called magma. Water close to magma changes to steam due to high temperature. This thermal energy is conducted to the surface of Earth. This energy is called geothermal energy.
Applications:
A geothermal power plant utilizes geothermal energy to drive an electrical generator.
Geothermal well can be built by drilling deep near hot rocks at different places, where hot molten or magma is very close, water is then pushed down into the well. The rocks quickly heat the water and change it into steam. The steam is used for heating purpose or to generate electricity.
Wind Energy
The energy obtained by the wind is called wind energy. It is generated by wind mills. A wind mill consists of a turbine which rotates due to wind. Kinetic energy is produced due to the motion of turbine. Wind turbines convert this kinetic energy into the mechanical power. A generator converts that mechanical power into electricity
Applications:
It is used as source of energy for sailing ships or boats in oceans.
It is used by wind mills to pump water.
It is used by wind mills to grind grain.
It is used to turn wind turbines to produce electricity.
Biomass Energy
Biomass is the organic material that comes from plants and animals. Biomass consists of stored energy from garbage, animal wastes, sugarcane etc.
Applications:
Solid biomass, such as wood, organic material and garbage, can be burned directly to produce heat.
Biomass can also be converted into gas called biogas and into liquid biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel.
Tidal Energy
It is a form of hydro power that converts the energy obtained from tides into useful form of power; mainly electricity. The Earth uses the gravitational forces of both the moon and the sun every day to move vast quantities of water around the oceans and seas producing tides and in this way energy is produced called tidal energy.
Applications:
Tidal powerplants use tidal energy to turn turbines and produce electricity.
