Melting and boiling: experiment

Experiment for Measuring the Heat of Fusion and Vaporization of Water

Converting Ice (Solid) into Water liquid - Measuring Heat of Fusion

Equipment needed:

• Beaker with ice shavings

• Bunsen Burner

• Thermometer

• Stopwatch

• Stand

Method:

1. Take a container with small pieces of ice in it and place it on a stand.

2. Suspend a thermometer in the container to measure the temperature.

3. Take a stop watch to measure accurate time at different stages.

4. Now place the container on the burner.

5. Record the temperature at regular time intervals.

Observation:

• The ice will start melting after absorbing heat. The temperature will remain same up to $0\degree C$ until all the ice melts.

• Note the time $t_1$ and $t_2$, which the ice takes to melt completely into water at $0\degree C$. Supply heat continuously to water at $0 \degree C$, again note the time, its temperature will start to increase.

• Note the time, which the water in the container takes to reach its boiling point at $100 \degree C$ from $0 \degree C.$

• Draw a temperature-time graph as shown in graph.

• Calculate the heat of fusion of ice from the data using the graph.

Converting Water (Liquid) into steam (Gas) - Measuring Heat of Vaporization

This is a continuation of the previous experiment.

Method:

• The container now contains boiling water.

• Continue to supply heat to water, till all the water convert into steam.

• Note the time during which water in container completely changed into steam at its boiling point.

• Plot a graph using the values and use it to calculate the heat of vaporization of water